Efectos del entrenamiento de la fuerza en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo II: revisión sistemática / Effects of resistance training in people with Type II diabetes mellitus: systematic review / Efeitos do treinamento de resistência em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo II. revisão sistemática

El presente artículo busca analizar las evidencias aportadas del entrenamiento de la fuerza comprobando su influencia en la Diabetes Mellitus tipo II utilizando la literatura existente sobre este objeto de estudio. Se realizo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA donde el principal contexto fue el entrenamiento de la fuerza en pacientes con Mellitus II, siendo buscados en bases de datos Pubmed, Embase y Scopus donde fueron seleccionados 7 artículos. Los hallazgos señalan consistentemente que el entrenamiento de la fuerza bien programado incide gradualmente en algunos marcadores que identifican la diabetes Mellitus II al realizar intervenciones con sistemas de entrenamiento de la fuerza de forma positiva. Los autores recomiendan estudios con muestras mayores en lo posible de tipo control para verificar la incidencia del entrenamiento en las variables mencionadas en este estudio.

This Article Seeks analyzes the evidence provided by strength training, verifying its influence on Type II Diabetes Mellitus by using the existing literature on this subject of study. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines, where the main context was strength training in patients with Mellitus II. The search was carried out in Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus databases where 7 articles were selected. The findings consistently indicated that a well-structured strength training program gradually affected some markers that identify diabetes Mellitus II when performing interventions with strength training systems in a positive way. The authors recommend control-type studies with larger samples, if possible, to verify the incidence of training in the variables mentioned in this study.

Este artigo procura analisar as evidências fornecidas pelo treinamento de força, verificando sua influência no Diabetes Mellitus tipo II utilizando a literatura existente sobre este objeto de estudo. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA onde o principal contexto foi o treinamento de força em pacientes com Mellitus II, sendo pesquisada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Embase e Scopus onde foram selecionados 7 artigos. Os achados indicam consistentemente que o treinamento de força bem programado afeta gradualmente alguns marcadores que identificam o diabetes Mellitus II ao realizar intervenções com sistemas de treinamento de força de forma positiva. Os autores recomendam estudos do tipo controle com amostras maiores, se possível, para verificar a incidência de treinamento nas variáveis mencionadas neste estudo.

Modelo predictivo de riesgo para el diagnóstico temprano de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 / Predictive model of risk for the early diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus i: en

Introducción: El diagnóstico temprano de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 permite al personal de salud implementar estrategias para evitar las complicaciones crónicas que pudieran derivarse. A tales efectos, en las últimas dos décadas se han desarrollado modelos predictivos que incluyen cada día más variables. Objetivo: Elaborar un modelo predictivo para el diagnóstico temprano de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 en una población holguinera. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte que incluyó a todos los pacientes atendidos en las consultas de endocrinología del área de salud Pedro Díaz Coello y del Hospital Militar Fermín Valdés Domínguez de la provincia de Holguín, para lo cual se tomaron 2 cohortes: una de análisis y otra de validación. Para el procesamiento estadístico se efectuó el análisis univariado y el multivariado; en tanto se determinó la asociación entre variables dependientes e independientes. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el sexo femenino, los pacientes sin antecedentes de diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial, así como los que presentaban hipotiroidismo, enfermedad periodontal y normopeso, entre otros; asimismo, el modelo resultó significativo estadísticamente (X2=31,1 y p=0,000) y explicó 80,9 % de la variable de salida, validada por las variables de análisis. La sensibilidad fue de 96,9 % y la especificidad de 86,6 %; mientras que el área bajo la curva tuvo un rango de 0,725 a 0,833. Conclusiones: El modelo predictivo elaborado es una herramienta muy útil para el diagnóstico de pacientes con riesgo de presentar diabetes mellitus de tipo 2.

Introduction: The early diagnosis of the type II diabetes mellitus allows the health staff to implement strategies in order to avoid the chronic complications that could be derived. To such effects, in the last two decades predictive models have been developed that include more variables every day. Objective: To elaborate a predictive model for the early diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus in a population from Holguín. Methods: A cohort study was carried out that included all the patients assisted in the endocrinology services of Pedro Díaz Coello health area and Fermín Valdés Domínguez Military Hospital in Holguín province, for which 2 cohorts were taken: one of analysis and another of validation. For the statistical processing the univaried and multivaried analysis were carried out; as long as the association between dependent and independent variables was determined. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the female sex, patients without history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as well as those that presented hypothyroidism, periodontal disease and normal weight, among others; also, the pattern was statistically significant (X2=31.1 and p=0.000) and explained 80.9 % of the logout variable validated by the analysis variables. The sensibility was of 96.9 % and the specificity of 86.6 %; while the area under the curve had a range from 0.725 to 0.833. Conclusions: The predictive model elaborated is a very useful tool for the diagnosis of patients with risk of type II diabetes mellitus.

Intervención educativa en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II / Educational intervention in patients with type II diabetes mellitus

RESUMEN Introducción: El autocuidado constituye un elemento primordial en el control de la actividad clínica de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II. Objetivo: Realizar una intervención educativa para aumentar el nivel de conocimiento de los pacientes diabéticos sobre el autocuidado de la enfermedad. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación aplicada, cuasi experimental, donde el universo estuvo constituido por 115 pacientes con diagnóstico conformado de diabetes mellitus tipo II. La muestra quedó conformada por 90 pacientes; se determinaron el nivel de conocimiento y de control glucémico de los pacientes, sus características y las de la enfermedad. Se utilizó el cuestionario Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire para determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre autocuidado. Se aplicó la prueba no paramétrica de McNemar para identificar cambios provocados por la intervención educativa implementada. Resultados: Promedio de edad de 53,87 años con predominio de pacientes femeninas (73,33 %). Al inicio de la investigación predominaron pacientes con sobrepeso (53,33 %), complicaciones de la diabetes (68,89 %), nivel de conocimiento entre regular y malo (60,0 %) y control glucémico entre admisible e inadecuado (72,22 %). Después de implementado la intervención educativa el 81,33 % presentó nivel de conocimiento entre bueno y excelente y 56,56 % de los pacientes presentó un control glucémico entre adecuado y normal. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la intervención educativa implementada provocó cambios significativos en el aumento del nivel de conocimiento de los pacientes sobre autocuidado de la diabetes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Self-care is an essential element in the control of clinical activity in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Objective: To carry out an educational intervention to increase the level of knowledge of diabetic patients about self-care of the disease. Methods: An applied, quasi-experimental research was carried out; where the universe consisted of 115 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus. The sample was made up of 90 patients; the level of knowledge and glycemic control of the patients, their characteristics and those of the disease were determined. The Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire was used to determine the level of knowledge about self-care. McNemar's non-parametric test was applied to identify changes caused by the educational intervention implemented. Results: Average age of 53.87 years with a predominance of females (73.33%). At the beginning of the investigation, overweight patients (53.33%), diabetes complications (68.89%), knowledge level between fair and bad (60.0%) and glycemic control between admissible and inadequate (72.22%) predominated. After implementing the educational intervention, 81.33% presented a level of knowledge between good and excellent and 56.56% of the patients presented a glycemic control between adequate and normal. Conclusions: It is concluded that the educational intervention implemented caused significant changes in the increase in the level of knowledge of patients about diabetes self-care.

Estudio Descriptivo: Frecuencia y factores de riesgo de la enfermedad arterial periférica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus II del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca / Descriptive Study: Frequency and risk factors of peripheral arterial disease in patients with type II Diabetes Mellitus of Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) es más frecuente en pacientes conDiabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) que en la población general, convirtiéndolos en un grupo de alto riesgo de morbimortalidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de EAP, mediante la medición del ITB y la frecuencia de sus factores de riesgo en los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con una muestra aleatoria simple de pacientes con diagnóstico de DM2 que acudieron a consulta externa del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca-Ecuador, en el año 2017 (315 pacientes).Se aplicó una entrevista a los pacientes con datos sobre las características sociodemográficas y ciertos antecedentes médicos de importancia para el estudio; se determinó el ITB; se valoraron los exámenes complementarios de laboratorio realizados en los seis meses previos al estudio. Finalmente, se describieron frecuencias y porcentajes de cada una de las variables, se utilizó el programa IBM SPSS versión 22. RESULTADOS: Del total de pacientes se observó un promedio de edad de 62.9 años, con predominio del sexo femenino. Se determinó que la frecuencia de EAP en los pacientes con DM2 fue del 35.30%. LA EAP fue más frecuente en: el grupo de edad mayor a 50 años (38.8%), el sexo masculino (43.9%), en el grupo de pacientes con tiempo de evolución de la DM2 ≥ a 5 años (35.5%), en los pacientes con tabaquismo (38.4%), en los pacientes con niveles elevados de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c ≥7%) (40.6%), los pacientes con hipertrigliceridemia, en los pacientes con LDL elevado y en hombres con HDL por debajo de valores normales. CONCLUSIÓN: Podemos concluir que la frecuencia de enfermedad arterial periférica en los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, utilizando el índice tobillo brazo como método diagnóstico fue del 35.30%.(au)

BACKGROUND: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is more common in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) than in the general population, making them a high-risk group for morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of peripheral arterial disease, by measuring ankle-brachial index, and the frequency of its risks factors in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. METHODOS: descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a simply randomized sample of patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, who attended the outpatient clinic of Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca - Ecuador, in 2017 ( 315 patients). An interview was applied to the patients, to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and certain important medical history; ankle-brachial index was determined; complementary laboratory tests made six months prior to the study were evaluated. Finally, frequencies and percentages of each variable were described; we used IMB SPSS version 22 software. RESULTS: Of the total number of patients, the average age was 62.9 years, with a predominance of the female sex. The frequency of PAD in patients with DM2 was 35.30%. PAD was more frequent in: age group over 50 years (38.8%), male sex (43.9%), disease evolution time ≥ 5 years (35.5%), in smoking patients(38.4%), in patients with elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c ≥7%)(40.6%),in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, in patients with elevated LDL and in men with low HDL values. CONCLUSION: we can conclude that the peripheral arterial disease frequency in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, using the ankle-brachial index as a diagnostic method was 35.50%.(au)

Complicaciones de la cirugía de revascularización coronaria en pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo II / Complications of the coronary revascularization surgery in patients with type II diabetes mellitus

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus y la cardiopatía isquémica están íntimamente relacionadas, puesto que los pacientes con la primera tienen más riesgo de presentar la segunda, así como mayor mortalidad cardiovascular. Objetivo: Identificar las complicaciones posoperatorias en pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo II. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos de 203 pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo II, expuestos a cirugía de revascularización coronaria en el Cardiocentro del Hospital Provincial Docente Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2011 hasta igual periodo de 2020. Resultados: En la casuística resultaron más afectados el sexo masculino (56,1 %) y el grupo etario de 45 - 64 años (53,7 %), quienes tenían más de 10 años con la enfermedad endocrina y se le había detectado la cardiopatía isquémica en el último, con una forma de presentación aguda. Se encontraron varios factores de riesgo, tales como enfermedad coronaria difusa, niveles de glucemia elevada en el periodo perioperatorio y fracción ventricular izquierda baja. En la mayoría de las intervenciones quirúrgicas se empleó la técnica de corazón latiendo (81,8 %), y las complicaciones predominantes fueron arritmias supraventriculares, bajo gasto cardiaco e infecciones de la herida. Conclusiones: La cirugía de coronaria en pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo II es el método que logra una revascularización más completa, tanto anatómica como funcional, y la técnica de corazón latiendo alcanza reducir la mortalidad, aunque aún son frecuentes las complicaciones atribuibles a causas multifactoriales.

Introduction: The diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease are closely related, since patients with the former have more risk of presenting the latter, as well as higher cardiovascular mortality. Objective: To identify the postoperative complications in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Method: A serial cases descriptive study of 203 patients with type II diabetes mellitus, exposed to coronary revascularization surgery was carried out in the Heart Center of Saturnino Lora Teaching Provincial Hospital Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2011 to the same period in 2020. Results: In the case material the male sex (56.1 %) and the 45 - 64 age group (53.7 %) were more affected, who had more than 10 years with the endocrine disease and the ischemic heart disease had been detected in the latter, with an acute form of presentation. Several risk factors were found, such as diffuse coronary disease, glycemia high levels in the perioperative period and low left ventricular fraction. In most of the surgical interventions the heart beating technique was used (81.8 %), and the predominant complications were supraventricular arrhythmias, low heart output and infections of the wound. Conclusions: The surgery of coronary in patients with type II diabetes mellitus is the method that achieves a more complete revascularization, either anatomical as functional, and the heart beating technique reduces the mortality, although the complications attributable to multifactorial causes are still frequent.

The Effects of Diabetic Footcare Programme Towards Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients in UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC)

@#Introduction: Diabetic footcare programme is essential for type II Diabetes Mellitus patients to improve quality of life as well as to prevent diabetic foot complication. The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of diabetic footcare programme towards quality of life among type II Diabetes Mellitus patients in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), a tertiary centre. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design, done in the orthopedic ward and out-patient medical clinic for a period of 1 year . The participants received a structured footcare education titled as “Diabetes Footcare” and a pamphlet of footcare. The Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare (NAFF) and Diabetes Quality of Life (DQoL) Brief Clinical Inventory were used to assess the outcomes before and one month after the programme. Data was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 37 participants was involved. Total score of foot care was improved between pre-test (M = 1.32, SD = .474) and post-test and (M = 1.94, SD = 0.229). There were four subscales in quality of life; satisfaction with treatment, impact of treatment, worry about future and social/vocational worry. The result showed there was a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test of foot care (M = 1.94, SD = 0.229, p<0.001) and quality of life (M = 61.94, SD = 5.264, p<0.001). However, foot care was not associated with quality of life. Conclusion: The diabetic footcare programme improves the footcare behaviour and quality of life of type II DM patients.

Experiences and narratives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the city of Salvador (Bahia) related to the difficulties in changing lifestyle behaviors / Experiências e narrativas de portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 na cidade de Salvador (Bahia) sobre dificuldades para a mudança dos estilos de vida

Abstract It is considerably difficult for type 2 diabetes patients to change lifestyle according to professional guidelines. This contributes to controlling the disease below what is desirable and could increase morbimortality and health system costs with complications that could have been avoided. It is important to know this phenomenon for better intervention, therefore, this qualitative study explores experiences and narratives of 10 diabetic patients in the city of Salvador (state of Bahia, Brazil), comparing them to the literature to analyze how health determinants may influence them. It is concluded that it is a multifactorial phenomenon and aspects such as conceptions about the disease and its control, use and access to health care, professional-patient relationship, social support and environment personalize each experience with the disease, which facilitates or not the motivation for change. Health professionals and public authorities should be sensitized to such aspects, and will find suggestions in this article that contribute to mitigating difficulties and facilitating a preventive lifestyle for patients.

Resumo A dificuldade para os portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 mudarem os estilos de vida conforme as orientações profissionais possui magnitude considerável. Tal fato contribui para manter o controle da doença aquém do desejável, e pode levar ao aumento da morbimortalidade e custos para o sistema de saúde, com complicações que poderiam ter sido evitadas. Este estudo qualitativo, diante da importância de se compreender este fenômeno para melhor intervenção, explora narrativas e experiências de 10 portadores de diabetes na cidade de Salvador, comparando-as com a literatura a fim de analisar como determinantes sociais lhe são influenciadores. Conclui-se que é um fenômeno multifatorial, e aspectos como concepções sobre a doença e seu controle, uso e acesso aos serviços de saúde, relacionamento profissional-paciente, suporte social, e ambiente, personalizam cada vivência com a doença, facilitando ou não a motivação para a mudança. Profissionais de saúde e poder público devem se sensibilizar para tais aspectos, e encontram no texto sugestões para contribuir na mitigação de dificuldades e facilitar um estilo de vida preventivo aos adoecidos.

Estilos de vida en pacientes con diabetes tipo ii que acuden al centro materno infantil "Enrique Ponce Luque", babahoyo, 2019 / The type ii diabetes patient's lifestyles that go to the maternal and infant center "Enrique Ponce Luque", Babahoyo, 2019

La Diabetes Mellitus es una enfermedad de gran importancia a nivel de Salud Pública en todo el mundo, por ser una de las enfermedades no transmisibles más frecuentes que representa una gran carga económica para los sistemas de salud y la economía mundial. Objetivo: Diagnosticar los estilos de vida en pacientes con Diabetes mellitus tipo II que acuden al Centro Materno Infantil Enrique Ponce Luque, Babahoyo 2019. Metodología: La investigación está en el paradigma cuantitativo, de modalidad de campo, de tipo descriptiva con un diseño transversal. Se aplicó como técnica una encuesta y el instrumento fue el cuestionario IMEVID. La población fue de 103 pacientes y la muestra 85 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II que asistieron al Centro. Resultados: se evidenció un inadecuado manejo de la historia clínica y del registro de la información de salud, inadecuado procedimiento de evaluación del estado de salud y baja calidad de atención a los pacientes. Conclusión: De un total de 85 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II se obtuvieron 32 pacientes que presentaron un estilo de vida desfavorable; 28 tuvieron un estilo de vida poco favorable y 25 presentaron un estilo de vida favorable con un 38%, 33%, 29% respectivamente. La finalidad de esta investigación es concientizar a la población de estudio para mejorar los estilos de vida y disminuir el desarrollo de esta patología(AU)

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease of great importance at the Public Health level throughout the world, because it is one of the most frequent non-communicable diseases and represents a great economic burden for health systems and the world economy. Objective: To diagnose the patient's lifestyles with type II Diabetes mellitus who attend the Maternal and Child Center Enrique Ponce Luque, Babahoyo 2019. Methodology: The research is in the quantitative paradigm, field modality, and descriptive type with a transversal design. A survey was applied as a technique and the instrument was the IMEVID questionnaire. The population was 103 patients and the sample was 85 patients with type II diabetes mellitus who attended the Center. Conclusion: From a total 85 type II diabetes mellitus patients, 32 patients were obtained who presented an unfavorable lifestyle; 28 had an unfavorable lifestyle and 25 had a favorable lifestyle with 38%, 33%, and 29% respectively. The purpose of this research is to raise awareness in the study population to improve lifestyles and reduce the development of this pathology(AU)

The study of the effect of C-PAP therapy in type-II diabetic patients with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity. Type 2 diabetes and OSA may be pathophysiologically independent conditions although the joint association with obesity or visceral adiposity. There is a consistent relationship between obesity and OSA, which has been reported in 60-90% of OSA patients. The prevalence of obesity increases with a parallel increase in the prevalence of OSA. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is an effective choice of treatment for OSA, an overnight test, or titration some patients may reduce apnea events by minimizes airway collapse by CPAP. Several studies showed that the effect of drug treatment with 3 months of C-PAP in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we include 300 patients in different groups, out of the 100 patients undergoing treatment of CPAP therapy minimum for three months. Blood sugar, HbA1c, and lipid profile were measured and an overnight sleep study was done. The obtained data shows the significant effect of therapy on physiological and biochemical parameters. AHI and BMI were highly significant in group II and Group III when compared to group I. FBS, HbA1C, and Lipid profile parameters also gave significance results (p-value <0.001) in group II and group III when compared with healthy subjects (group I).

Drug utilization pattern in type II diabetes mellitus patients attending non-communicable disease clinic in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder. Early institution of treatment is necessary to prevent complications. Since treatment of diabetes requires lifetime therapy; this study is designed to understand the prescription trends at Non Communicable Disease clinic set up and to provide rationale.Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted over a period of 2 months (May 2017- June 2017). Details of demographic data, duration and family history of diabetes, antidiabetic medications prescribed, history of comorbid diseases and drugs prescribed by physician for the treatment of comorbid diseases were collected in a structured format. Height and weight were recorded, and body mass index was calculated.Results: Study population included 294 patients and patients in the age groups of 40-59 years formed the bulk. 39% patients were overweight and 19.39% were obese. 93.20% patients were prescribed with metformin. 37 patients received insulin injection. 64.29% received more than one antidiabetic drug. Hypertension (82.05%) was the most common comorbid disease. Amlodipine was the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive drug.Conclusions: Metformin was the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic drug. Utilization of newer antidiabetic drug is inferior. Use of rationale fixed dose combination improves patient compliance.

Serum High Density Lipoprotein Levels And Magnitude Of Cardiovascular Risk In Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus

Serum high density lipoproteins levels were estimated in type II diabetes mellitus patients with different systemic complications. Total 60 subjects (both male & female) of age group 35–60 years were selected for the study, of which 30 subjects were control (nondiabetic). Fasting high density lipoproteins levels were determined by cholesterol esterase–cholesterol oxidase–peroxidase method . Proportion of different complications was also determined. It was found that average serum values of high density lipoproteins in type II diabetes mellitus patients was significantly decreased as compared to control group. Majority of systemic complications were cardiovascular in which hypertension was commonest. The study indicated a positive correlation between serum high density lipoproteins levels and cardiovascular risk in type II diabetic patients.

Diabetes related distress in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a community-based study

Background: Living with diabetes can be difficult, since it can affect the patient physically as well as psychologically. Patients with diabetes face psychological issues which may be part of the spectrum of disease experience, distinct from depression, which hinder glycaemic control. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes related distress, and its association with socio-demographic characteristics, in adults with type 2 diabetes.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 250 individuals of 30-60 years, with type 2 diabetes.Results: The prevalence of diabetes related distress in the study population was 13.3%; among the sub scales highest reported was regimen related distress 21.6%, followed by physician related 17.2%, emotional burden 16.4%, and inter personal distress 14.8%. Diabetes related distress was found to have significant statistical association with occupational class. In occupational class, distress was higher among unemployed while least in unskilled workers. It was higher among older (above 50 years) participants, males, members of joint family, unmarried and those with more years of education though there was no significant difference.Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes related distress (13.2%) especially regimen and physician related, underscores need for better clinician involvement paying appropriate attention to systematic diabetes self-care and management education, and timely diagnosis of distress for positive clinical outcome.

Association of hypertension and dyslipidaemia with increasing obesity in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The study was performed to estimate the association of hypertension and dyslipidaemia with increasing body weight and obesity in Type II diabetics of Lahore, Pakistan. An observational study was conducted by enrolling 2708 obese diabetics from four diabetes care centres of Lahore, Pakistan. Data was collected for a period of 7 months. Associations were estimated using chi-square, binary and multinomial logistic regression. Data suggested that blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, exhibited continual increase with increasing body weight and obesity class in diabetes patients with 41.8% increase in the prevalence of hypertension in obesity class III subjects (OR; 1.91, p=0.02). Likewise, triglycerides and total cholesterol exhibited continual increase in their mean values with increasing obesity, i-e., an overall increase in the prevalence of dyslipidaemia of 27.2% in obesity class 3 subjects (OR; 1.94, p=0.29). Taken together, this data suggested that hypertension is potentially associated with increasing obesity in diabetics, while dyslipidaemia demonstrated plausible association only with obesity class 3.

Comparative study of safety and efficacy profile of repaglinide and voglibose on targeting post prandial hyperglycemia in patients with newly diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus

Background: In India the number of people with diabetes is increasing day-by-day. Due to a sole “Asian Indian Phenotype,” Indians develop diabetes an era earlier and have an earlier onset of complications. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate more effective treatment strategies at an earlier stage of disease progression.Methods: The present study was prospective, open label, comparative, randomized, parallel group, single center study. Comparison of two post prandial active treatment groups over a period of 3 months. Sixty patients of either sex in the age group of 30-60years with newly diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus, with prandial blood glucose levels >180mg% and <250mg% at screening as per ADA. The effect of repaglinide and voglibose were observed on various parameters i.e. HbA1c, FBS, PBS, BMI.Results: In repaglinide group the mean change in HbA1c from baseline to 3 months was 8.05 to 7.04 (-1.01); on the other hand, in voglibose group from baseline to 3 months was 8.0 to 7.18 (-0.82). Whereas, FBS from 137.57 to 122.90 (-16.67) in repaglinide group; in voglibose group from 139.87 to 125.13 (-14.74). Repaglinide statistically highly significant than voglibose group in improving glycemic indices.Conclusions: Though repaglinide and voglibose were equally effective in improving glycemic indices yet repaglinide showed better results in improving HbA1c, FBG, PBS as compared with voglibose. Repaglinide had minimal side effects as compared to voglibose.

Caracterização de usuários com diabetes tipo 2 cadastrados em uma estratégia de saúde da família / Characterization of diabetics type 2 users registered in a family health strategyof an undergraduate nursing student

Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é um problema de saúde pública relacionado a inúmeras condições adversas. Objetivo: Caracterizar indivíduos diabéticos tipo II cadastrados em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Métodos: Estudo observacional de caráter transversal realizado, em visitas domiciliares, através da avaliação dos pés, da qualidade de vida, de variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, hábitos de vida e dos cálculos do Índice Tornozelo-Braço (ITB) e Risco Cardiovascular (RCV). Resultados: Amostra composta por 33 indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2, média etária de 62,94±11,43, a maioria acima do peso e com RCV aumentado. Não houve correlação entre ITB e RCV (p>0,05) e diferença para o valor do ITB em relação ao consumo de cigarros, bebida alcóolica e prática de atividade física (p>0,05). Conclusão: O acesso aos serviços da Atenção Básica facilita o controle do diabetes na população, mas atividades de promoção de saúde e prevenção secundária devem ser estimuladas.

Introduction: The Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a public health problem related to numerous adverse conditions. Objective: To characterize type II diabetic patients registered in a Family Health Strategy. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study carried out during home visits, through the assessment of the feet, quality of life, socio-demographic and clinical variables, lifestyle and calculations of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and Cardiovascular Risk (RCV). Results: The sample was composed of 33 individuals, aged 62,94±11,43, mostly overweight and with increased cardiovascular risk (CVR). There was no correlation between ABI and CVR (p> 0.05) and there was a difference between the ABI and cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption and physical activity (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The access to primary care services facilitates diabetes control in the population, however, health promotion activities and secondary prevention should be encouraged.

Study Of Pulmonary Function Test In Patients Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Its Correlation With Duration Of Diabetes

Aim-Pulmonary complications of diabetesmellitus (DM) have been poorly characterized. The study was undertaken to analyze the pulmonary function parameters in type 2 diabetic patients. We correlated forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC in diabetic patients with duration of the disease and Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fundoscopic changes.Subjects and methods-Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were recorded in 70 type 2 diabetic patients, who were divided into two groups, depending upon duration of diabetes. Group I 5 to 10 years and group II11 to 15 years .Using easy one flow pirometer, PFT parameters were recorded. The PFTs recorded were – FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). In addition HbA1c,FBS and PPBS and fundoscopic changes of all the patients was estimated.Results -In our study Restrictive lung function defect was more commonly found among patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Poor lung functions are in correlation with longer duration of T2DM.Conclusion -DM being a systemic disease, which also affects lungs causing restrictive type of ventilator changes probably because of glycosylation of connective tissues, reduced pulmonary elastic recoil and inflammatory changes in lungs. Lung function parameters are negatively correlated to glycemic status and duration of diabetes. Hence strict glycemic control may improve pulmonary functions.

Prevalence and factors influencing sensorineural hearing loss among type II diabetes mellitus patients

Background: The typical hearing loss described among diabetes patients is progressive, bilateral, sensorineural deafness of gradual onset that predominantly affects the higher frequencies. Although there is mounting evidence for a relationship between diabetes and hearing impairment the awareness of auditory organ involvement in the course of diabetes is still not widespread among healthcare providers involved in diabetes care. Objective of present study was to assess the prevalence and the factors influencing sensorineural deafness among the patients with type II diabetes mellitus.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at our hospital for a period of 6 months. All type II diabetes patients without any other major systemic illness (CVA, coronary artery disease, thyroid disorders) were included for the study. A total of 300 patients were included in our study and the informed consent was obtained from all the study participants. A detailed history related to hearing loss and diabetes status was elicited from all the patients. All basic blood investigations along with HbA1c was performed on all the patients. All the patients were subjected to pure tone audiometry and it was performed using a pure tone audiometer model AUL 12096 audiometer of Labat company in a sound proof room.Results: The total prevalence of sensori-neural deafness among the study subjects was found to be 51.3% with majority of them having mild to moderate degree of sensori-neural deafness. Increase in age, female gender, longer duration of diabetes and higher HbA1C levels are the factors which had influenced the state of sensorineural deafness among the study subjects.Conclusions: The use of audiological test at primary care level should be made mandate for screening all the diabetes patients for hearing loss such a way the quality of life can be improved for patients requiring therapeutic interventions for their hearing improvement.

A comparative study for evaluation of cognitive function in type-II diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetics

Background: To evaluate the impact of type-II diabetes mellitus on cognitive function and to assess the factors associated with impaired function.Methods: This prospective study compared 100 type-II diabetic people attending the diabetic clinic of Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital with another 100 membered control group. The study group was selected randomly between the age group of 45-65 years. A neuro-cognitive assessment was done using Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE), which is a simple and reliable screening test. This scale has 12 questions with time limits to assess orientation, memory, calculation, language, attention and construction. Magnitude and severity of cognitive decrement were analysed along with the possible factors affecting it.Results: Mean age of the study population was 54.6�24 years. Cognitive impairment was noted among 62 of cases and 48 of the control group, which means a 14% higher prevalence of cognitive impairment among the type 2 diabetics. The association of development of cognitive impairment and duration of diabetes mellitus was significant statistically (p value = 0.025443; p<0.05). Other demographic variables like gender, education and domicile were also seen to affect the results.Conclusions: Mild to moderate cognitive impairment was found significantly higher among the type-II diabetics than the non-diabetics. The cognitive impairment was found to be associated with the duration of diabetes. Hence the routine screening of cognition by SMMSE should be done in all type-II diabetic patients.

Experiencias en el tratamiento con Heberprot-P® en pacientes con pie diabético / Experiences in the treatment with Heberprot-P® in patients with diabetic foot

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo de 65 pacientes con pie diabético tratados con Heberprot-P®, en la consulta para tales fines, del Policlínico Docente 30 de Noviembre de Santiago de Cuba, en el período 2015-2016, con vistas a exponer la experiencia obtenida durante los 2 años de su aplicación. En la casuística predominaron los pacientes de 60-69 años y el sexo masculino, además de la hipertensión arterial, la obesidad y el hábito de fumar como factores de riesgo de mayor incidencia, así como el pie diabético neuroinfeccioso de grado 2, según la clasificación de Mc Cook. Finalmente, con la aplicación de este medicamento se logró el cierre total de la lesión en la mayoría de los afectados (76,9 por ciento) y no ocurrieron efectos adversos

A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study of 65 patients with diabetic foot treated with Heberprot-P®, in the service for such aims, of 30 de Noviembre Teaching Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, during 2015-2016, aimed at exposing the experience obtained during the 2 years of its use. Patients aged 60-69 and the male sex prevailed in the case material, besides hypertension, obesity and nicotine addiction as risk factors of higher incidence, as well as grade II neuroinfectious diabetic foot, according to Mc Cook classification. Finally, the total closing of the injury was achieved in most of those affected with the use of this medicine (76.9 percent) and there were not adverse effects

Protective effect of growth differentiation factor 11 on myocardial injury in type II diabetic mice / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To observe the protective effect of growth differentiation factor 11(GDF11) on myocardial injury and the changes of myocardial apoptosis in type 2 diabetic C57BL/6J mice.Methods Sixty male C57BL/6J mice weighing 20-25 g were randomly divided into three groups: control group (control), type 2 diabetes mellitus group (DM) and GDF11 intervention group (DM + GDF11).To establish mouse model of type 2 diabetes, the mice were fed with high fat and high sugar diet for 4 weeks, and i.p.injected consecutively three times of streptozotocin (STZ) in a dose of 60 mg/kg.After the continuous high-fat and high-sugar diet for 4 weeks, the cardiac function was detected by small animal ultrasound, TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis in myocardium, and the expressions of cleaved-caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax were measured.Results Diabetic injury significantly reduced the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular short axis shortening rate, and increased myocardial apoptosis.Recombinant GDF11 protein significantly improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial apoptosis.Conclusions Exogenous GDF11 can significantly reduce myocardial apoptosis and improve heart function after diabetic injury.